Formative vs. Summative Assessment

Formative vs. Summative Assessment

Assessment can be broadly classified into two categories: formative and summative. Understanding the differences between these types is crucial in applying effective assessment practices in the classroom.

• Formative Assessment: This type of assessment is conducted during the learning process. Its main goal is to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching methods and student understanding. Examples include quizzes, classroom discussions, and observations.
• Summative Assessment: In contrast, summative assessment occurs at the end of a learning unit and evaluates student learning based on teacher-set criteria. These assessments aim to determine whether students have achieved the desired learning outcomes. Examples include final exams, standardized tests, and end-of-term projects.

In Kuwaiti primary schools, formative assessments are often used to guide instruction. For example, a teacher may use quick quizzes and group activities to assess how well students are grasping a new concept in science. By adjusting instruction based on these assessments, teachers can ensure students understand the material fully before the final exam.

Check Yourself

• What is the primary purpose of formative assessment?
• Give an example of a summative assessment.
• How can formative assessments contribute to student learning?